Prior to 1998, orthodontic clear aligner treatment was predominantly for very minor tooth movement usually at the end or orthodontic treatment or to treat minor alignment relapse. Clear aligners use computerized 3D technology to visualize and move the teeth in a virtual model. This technology along with advances in 3D printing and manufacturing efficiencies allow aligners to be produced in a large number and in a timely fashion. Initial cases weremild crowding or spacing which progressto cases that need expansion and malocclusion correction. This clear aligner technique is continually evolving because of research and development in materials, and manufacturing techniques, auxallaries and computer programming of tooth movement
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MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF HELIUM DISTRIBUTION IN NICKEL AND INCONEL X750
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CLEAR ALIGNERS A NEW TECHNIQUE IN ORTHODONTICS
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- Author: : Dr. RITIKA MOTGHARE ,Dr. NISHI ANANT ,Dr. PRAVEEN KALAI ,Dr. PREETI SINGH ,Dr. ABIN MOHAMMED B N ,Dr. POORVI YADAV
- Language : English
- Paperback : 89 pages
- ISBN-13 : 978-93-5515-280-0
- Country of Origin : India
- Generic Name : Thesis
- Publisher : Book Rivers(24 March 2022)
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भारत एक कृषि प्रधान देश है जहाँ की लगभग 70 प्रतिषत जनता कृषि कार्य करती है। बढ़ती हुई जनसंख्या तथा भूमि की उत्पादन दर कम होने के कारण कभी-कभी भोजन की पूर्ति की समस्या गंभीर रूप धारण कर लेती है। भारत में खाद्य पदार्थों का कम उत्पादन होने का दूसरा कारण यह भी है कि यहाँ अधिकतर लोगों की काम करने की क्षमता कम है क्योंकि वे असंतुलित एवं कम पोषण आहार के ऊपर निर्भर रहते हैं अतः स्वास्थय ठीक न रहने से उनकी कार्य करने की क्षमता भी कम होती है। इस प्रकार स्वस्थ्य जीवन के लिए सन्तुलित एवं पोषक आहार जरूरी है।
कामकाजी माताएँ एवं किशोर
कुछ शोध परिणामों से यह ज्ञात हुआ है कि व्यवसाय का प्रकार, व्यवसाय की स्थिति/पद तथा माता का व्यवसाय से समझौते का स्तर, माता की क्रियाओं की गुणवत्ता तथा बालकों की देख-रेख के स्तर में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका का निर्वाह करता है। इस सम्बन्ध में हाॅफमैन (1989) बताते हैं कि व्यवसायरत् माताओं की कि‛ाोर बालिकायें सामाजिक रूप से अपने आपको अधिक समर्थ पाती हैं। उनके आत्मवि‛वास, आत्म उपयुक्ततता एवं स्वतंत्रता की भावना में बढ़ोत्तरी होती है। यही तथ्य बालकों के लिए अलग होता है क्योंकि माताओं का व्यवसायरत् होना कि‛ाोर बालकों पर अलग प्रकार का प्रभाव डालता है। इसके विपरीत बहुत ही सफलतम परिवारों में व्यवसायरत् माताओं के कि‛ाोरों की बुद्धिलब्धि तथा पहचान अधिक उच्च कोटि की होती है। यह विपरीत प्रभाव कई कारणों से प्रभावित होता है।
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Biological materials like bone, nacre, human tooth layers are inhomogeneous materials made up of soft collagen, and hard, hydroxyapatite (HAP) mineral arranged in such a fashion so that these materials have higher strength and toughness, the measure of crack resisting behavior in materials, at the same time, which is exclusive in nature for different class of materials available for different application areas. The interfaces in these biological materials are designed in such a fashion so that the load transfer between the constituents takes place so smoothly, therefore, become a region of strength, not susceptible to failure like in other man-made materials and composites. It is important to understand these aspects of biological materials so that they can be mimicked to the novel materials to satisfy the growing need of different industries.
This work is focused on studying different layers of human tooth, and its interface for crack initiation and growth, the crack arresting behavior of the interface layer of the outer cover of human tooth, the enamel, and the inner, dentine, called dentine enamel junction. These works are done by developing a numerical model using the commercial finite element analysis tool, ABAQUS. The crack growth pattern of the enamel and the dentine has also been investigated. The role of porosity and permeability on the energy release rate which is the measure of fracture toughness has also been investigated. The key features of the book are:
- Study on the role of shear modulus of the defect and the matrix material in which the defect is embedded on the energy release rate.
- The role of small coating layer between the outer matrix and the inner layer on the fracture behavior, especially the stress concentrations in these different layers due to change in the elastic modulus.
- The crack growth pattern in human enamel, the outer tooth layer.
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- The role of porosity and permeability on the energy release rate in the inner layer of human tooth, dentine.
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